Effect of Graphene on the Optical Properties for New Thin Films prepared from a Polymethyl methacrylate/Polystyrene Blend Polymer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71229/g15wek38Keywords:
Polymethyl methacrylate Polystyrene Graphene Nanocomposite PolymersAbstract
In this study, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polystyrene (PS) is used nanocomposite polymer blends (PMMA:PS) and then doping it's with Graphene (GR.) at different weights doping ratios from (GR.) (1, 2, 3 and 3.5) Wt% respectively. The chemical cast deposition method was used to make new thin film samples from (PMMA:PS/ GR). The optical characterizations of all the samples were investigated via UV-VIS spectroscopy within spectral region (300-1100) nm for two cases before and after doping. From UV-VIS results of tests, the linear optical coefficients like absorbance, reflection and the absorption coefficient increased with an increasing of the doping ratios of (GR.), except transmittance and energy gap values dropping from (2.9 – 1.3) eV All, the results revealed that the linear optical features of pure nanocomposite polymer blends (PMMA:PS) were improved by the doping with the (GR.) ratios.
References
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[9] M. Baldanza, Antonio: Giovanna et al., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene – PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier,” Membranes (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 611, 2022.
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[1] A. B. P. Puszka, “Synthesis, Processing, Structure and Properties of Polymer Materials,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 21, p. 4550, 2022.
[2] D. Feldman, “Polymer history,” Des. monomers Polym., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2008.
[3] C. P. Buckley, Introduction to physical polymer science. 1993.
[4] W.-F. Su, “Principles of polymer design and synthesis,” Springer Berlin Heidelb., vol. 82, 2013.
[5] J. S. Z. Oghly, “Physico-chemical properties of polymer composites,” Am. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 25–33, 2023.
[6] P. Christian, Polymer chemistry. 2011.
[7] A. E. E. Zainelabdin, Lighting and Sensing Applications of Nanostructured ZnO , CuO and Their Composites, no. 1484. 2012.
[8] H. Wu, Min: Huang, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of PMMA / PS blend via forming affluent and continuous conductive pathways of graphene layers,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 206, no. December 2020, p. 108668, 2021.
[9] M. Baldanza, Antonio: Giovanna et al., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene – PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier,” Membranes (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 611, 2022.
[10] M. D. H. and A. J. M. J. P. Lutz, “Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications,” Coord. Chem. Rev., vol. 376, pp. 225–247, 2018.
[11] G. Polymers and A. Review, “General polymers, structure, properties and applications: a review,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2024.
[12] S. A. Baeurle, “Multiscale modeling of polymer materials using field-theoretic methodologies:a survey about recent development,” J. Math. Chem., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 363–426, 2009.
[13] S. Itsuno, “Chiral polymer synthesis by means of repeated asymmetric reaction,” Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 540–558, 2005.
[14] D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of polymers. ELSEVIER, 2003.
[15] C. L. Thibaut Lalire, Aurélie Taguet, Jean-Claude Roux, Belkacem Otazaghine, “Chemical modification strategies for the control of graphene localization in PS/PMMA blend,” FlatChem, vol. 39, p. 100500, 2023.
[16] G. M. Moussa, M.A.; Ghoneim, A.M.; Abdel Rehim, M.H.; Khairy, S.A.; Soliman, M.A.; Turky, “Relaxation dynamic and electrical mobility for poly (methyl methacrylate)-polyaniline composites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol. 134, p. 45415, 2017.
[17] H. Abu and A. Shaari, Hassan;Ramli,;Muhammad Mahyiddin;Mohtar, Mohd Nazim;Rahman, Norizah Abdul;Ahmad, “Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi),” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1939, 2021.
[18] A. Rozik Nehad, N.; Aman, I.; Azza, K.; Ward, “Studies the behaviors of polyaniline on the properties of PS/PMMA blends.,” J. Mater. Des. Appl, vol. 230, pp. 526–536, 2016.
[19] P. Kim and Y. Zhang, “Electronic Transport in Graphene,” Ph.D. thesis, Grad. Sch. Arts Sci. Univ. Columbia, 2006.
[20] A. Barth and W. Marx, “Graphene - A rising star in view of scientometrics,” J. Phys. Soc., 2008.
[21] F. Wooten, optical properties of solids. 2002.
[22] Y.-N. Xu and W. Y. Ching, “Calculation of ground-state and optical properties of boron nitrides in the hexagonal, cubic, and wurtzite structures,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, pp. 7787–7798, 1991.
[23] J. Tauc, “Optical Properties of Solids. In: Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors,” Springer, Boston, MA.
[24] M. Asima, N.; Sattar, R.; Siddiq, “Preparation and properties of high performance multilayered PANi/PMMA/PPG-b-PEG-b- PPG/FGHMDA nanocomposites via in situ polymerization,” Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater, vol. 58, pp. 282–294, 2019.
[25] E. J. Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A;Dommett, Geoffrey H B;Kohlhaas, Kevin M;Zimney, R. D. Stach, Eric A;Piner, and R. S. Nguyen, Sonbinh T;Ruoff, “Graphene-based composite materials,” vol. 442, no. July, 2006.
[26] H. Kim, A. A. Abdala, and C. W. Macosko, “Graphene / Polymer Nanocomposites,” pp. 6515–6530, 2010.
[27] T. R. Stephen AM, Kumar TP, Renganathan NG, Pitchumani S, “Ionic conductivity and FT-IR studies on plasticized PVC/ PMMA blend polymer electrolytes,” J. Power Sources, vol. 89, pp. 80–87, 2000.
[28] A. . El-Gamal, “Optical and Electrical Properties of Polystyrene/Poly-methyl methacrylate Polymeric Blend Filled with Semiconductor and Insulator Nanofillers,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL, vol. 17, p. 2300145, 2023.
[29] A. M. Abdullah, “Antibacterial Properties of Graphene and its Reinforcement Effect on Compressive Properties of PMMA,” vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–7, 2023.
[30] M. Z. Zakaria, M.R. Abdul Kudus, M.H., Md. Akil, H.Mohd Thirmizir, “Comparative study of graphene nanoparticle and multiwall carbon nanotube filled epoxy nanocomposites based on mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties.,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 119, pp. 57–66, 2017.
[31] Y. Zhang, H.Q.; Jin, Y.; Qiu, “The optical and electrical characteristics of PMMA film prepared by spin coating method.,” Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 87, pp. 16–18, 2015.
[1] A. B. P. Puszka, “Synthesis, Processing, Structure and Properties of Polymer Materials,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 21, p. 4550, 2022.
[2] D. Feldman, “Polymer history,” Des. monomers Polym., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2008.
[3] C. P. Buckley, Introduction to physical polymer science. 1993.
[4] W.-F. Su, “Principles of polymer design and synthesis,” Springer Berlin Heidelb., vol. 82, 2013.
[5] J. S. Z. Oghly, “Physico-chemical properties of polymer composites,” Am. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 25–33, 2023.
[6] P. Christian, Polymer chemistry. 2011.
[7] A. E. E. Zainelabdin, Lighting and Sensing Applications of Nanostructured ZnO , CuO and Their Composites, no. 1484. 2012.
[8] H. Wu, Min: Huang, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of PMMA / PS blend via forming affluent and continuous conductive pathways of graphene layers,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 206, no. December 2020, p. 108668, 2021.
[9] M. Baldanza, Antonio: Giovanna et al., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene – PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier,” Membranes (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 611, 2022.
[10] M. D. H. and A. J. M. J. P. Lutz, “Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications,” Coord. Chem. Rev., vol. 376, pp. 225–247, 2018.
[11] G. Polymers and A. Review, “General polymers, structure, properties and applications: a review,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2024.
[12] S. A. Baeurle, “Multiscale modeling of polymer materials using field-theoretic methodologies:a survey about recent development,” J. Math. Chem., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 363–426, 2009.
[13] S. Itsuno, “Chiral polymer synthesis by means of repeated asymmetric reaction,” Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 540–558, 2005.
[14] D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of polymers. ELSEVIER, 2003.
[15] C. L. Thibaut Lalire, Aurélie Taguet, Jean-Claude Roux, Belkacem Otazaghine, “Chemical modification strategies for the control of graphene localization in PS/PMMA blend,” FlatChem, vol. 39, p. 100500, 2023.
[16] G. M. Moussa, M.A.; Ghoneim, A.M.; Abdel Rehim, M.H.; Khairy, S.A.; Soliman, M.A.; Turky, “Relaxation dynamic and electrical mobility for poly (methyl methacrylate)-polyaniline composites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol. 134, p. 45415, 2017.
[17] H. Abu and A. Shaari, Hassan;Ramli,;Muhammad Mahyiddin;Mohtar, Mohd Nazim;Rahman, Norizah Abdul;Ahmad, “Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi),” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1939, 2021.
[18] A. Rozik Nehad, N.; Aman, I.; Azza, K.; Ward, “Studies the behaviors of polyaniline on the properties of PS/PMMA blends.,” J. Mater. Des. Appl, vol. 230, pp. 526–536, 2016.
[19] P. Kim and Y. Zhang, “Electronic Transport in Graphene,” Ph.D. thesis, Grad. Sch. Arts Sci. Univ. Columbia, 2006.
[20] A. Barth and W. Marx, “Graphene - A rising star in view of scientometrics,” J. Phys. Soc., 2008.
[21] F. Wooten, optical properties of solids. 2002.
[22] Y.-N. Xu and W. Y. Ching, “Calculation of ground-state and optical properties of boron nitrides in the hexagonal, cubic, and wurtzite structures,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, pp. 7787–7798, 1991.
[23] J. Tauc, “Optical Properties of Solids. In: Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors,” Springer, Boston, MA.
[24] M. Asima, N.; Sattar, R.; Siddiq, “Preparation and properties of high performance multilayered PANi/PMMA/PPG-b-PEG-b- PPG/FGHMDA nanocomposites via in situ polymerization,” Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater, vol. 58, pp. 282–294, 2019.
[25] E. J. Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A;Dommett, Geoffrey H B;Kohlhaas, Kevin M;Zimney, R. D. Stach, Eric A;Piner, and R. S. Nguyen, Sonbinh T;Ruoff, “Graphene-based composite materials,” vol. 442, no. July, 2006.
[26] H. Kim, A. A. Abdala, and C. W. Macosko, “Graphene / Polymer Nanocomposites,” pp. 6515–6530, 2010.
[27] T. R. Stephen AM, Kumar TP, Renganathan NG, Pitchumani S, “Ionic conductivity and FT-IR studies on plasticized PVC/ PMMA blend polymer electrolytes,” J. Power Sources, vol. 89, pp. 80–87, 2000.
[28] A. . El-Gamal, “Optical and Electrical Properties of Polystyrene/Poly-methyl methacrylate Polymeric Blend Filled with Semiconductor and Insulator Nanofillers,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL, vol. 17, p. 2300145, 2023.
[29] A. M. Abdullah, “Antibacterial Properties of Graphene and its Reinforcement Effect on Compressive Properties of PMMA,” vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–7, 2023.
[1] A. B. P. Puszka, “Synthesis, Processing, Structure and Properties of Polymer Materials,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 21, p. 4550, 2022.
[2] D. Feldman, “Polymer history,” Des. monomers Polym., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2008.
[3] C. P. Buckley, Introduction to physical polymer science. 1993.
[4] W.-F. Su, “Principles of polymer design and synthesis,” Springer Berlin Heidelb., vol. 82, 2013.
[5] J. S. Z. Oghly, “Physico-chemical properties of polymer composites,” Am. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 25–33, 2023.
[6] P. Christian, Polymer chemistry. 2011.
[7] A. E. E. Zainelabdin, Lighting and Sensing Applications of Nanostructured ZnO , CuO and Their Composites, no. 1484. 2012.
[8] H. Wu, Min: Huang, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of PMMA / PS blend via forming affluent and continuous conductive pathways of graphene layers,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 206, no. December 2020, p. 108668, 2021.
[9] M. Baldanza, Antonio: Giovanna et al., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene – PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier,” Membranes (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 611, 2022.
[10] M. D. H. and A. J. M. J. P. Lutz, “Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications,” Coord. Chem. Rev., vol. 376, pp. 225–247, 2018.
[11] G. Polymers and A. Review, “General polymers, structure, properties and applications: a review,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2024.
[12] S. A. Baeurle, “Multiscale modeling of polymer materials using field-theoretic methodologies:a survey about recent development,” J. Math. Chem., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 363–426, 2009.
[13] S. Itsuno, “Chiral polymer synthesis by means of repeated asymmetric reaction,” Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 540–558, 2005.
[14] D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of polymers. ELSEVIER, 2003.
[15] C. L. Thibaut Lalire, Aurélie Taguet, Jean-Claude Roux, Belkacem Otazaghine, “Chemical modification strategies for the control of graphene localization in PS/PMMA blend,” FlatChem, vol. 39, p. 100500, 2023.
[16] G. M. Moussa, M.A.; Ghoneim, A.M.; Abdel Rehim, M.H.; Khairy, S.A.; Soliman, M.A.; Turky, “Relaxation dynamic and electrical mobility for poly (methyl methacrylate)-polyaniline composites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol. 134, p. 45415, 2017.
[17] H. Abu and A. Shaari, Hassan;Ramli,;Muhammad Mahyiddin;Mohtar, Mohd Nazim;Rahman, Norizah Abdul;Ahmad, “Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi),” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1939, 2021.
[18] A. Rozik Nehad, N.; Aman, I.; Azza, K.; Ward, “Studies the behaviors of polyaniline on the properties of PS/PMMA blends.,” J. Mater. Des. Appl, vol. 230, pp. 526–536, 2016.
[19] P. Kim and Y. Zhang, “Electronic Transport in Graphene,” Ph.D. thesis, Grad. Sch. Arts Sci. Univ. Columbia, 2006.
[20] A. Barth and W. Marx, “Graphene - A rising star in view of scientometrics,” J. Phys. Soc., 2008.
[21] F. Wooten, optical properties of solids. 2002.
[22] Y.-N. Xu and W. Y. Ching, “Calculation of ground-state and optical properties of boron nitrides in the hexagonal, cubic, and wurtzite structures,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, pp. 7787–7798, 1991.
[23] J. Tauc, “Optical Properties of Solids. In: Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors,” Springer, Boston, MA.
[24] M. Asima, N.; Sattar, R.; Siddiq, “Preparation and properties of high performance multilayered PANi/PMMA/PPG-b-PEG-b- PPG/FGHMDA nanocomposites via in situ polymerization,” Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater, vol. 58, pp. 282–294, 2019.
[25] E. J. Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A;Dommett, Geoffrey H B;Kohlhaas, Kevin M;Zimney, R. D. Stach, Eric A;Piner, and R. S. Nguyen, Sonbinh T;Ruoff, “Graphene-based composite materials,” vol. 442, no. July, 2006.
[26] H. Kim, A. A. Abdala, and C. W. Macosko, “Graphene / Polymer Nanocomposites,” pp. 6515–6530, 2010.
[27] T. R. Stephen AM, Kumar TP, Renganathan NG, Pitchumani S, “Ionic conductivity and FT-IR studies on plasticized PVC/ PMMA blend polymer electrolytes,” J. Power Sources, vol. 89, pp. 80–87, 2000.
[28] A. . El-Gamal, “Optical and Electrical Properties of Polystyrene/Poly-methyl methacrylate Polymeric Blend Filled with Semiconductor and Insulator Nanofillers,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL, vol. 17, p. 2300145, 2023.
[29] A. M. Abdullah, “Antibacterial Properties of Graphene and its Reinforcement Effect on Compressive Properties of PMMA,” vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–7, 2023.
[1] A. B. P. Puszka, “Synthesis, Processing, Structure and Properties of Polymer Materials,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 21, p. 4550, 2022.
[2] D. Feldman, “Polymer history,” Des. monomers Polym., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2008.
[3] C. P. Buckley, Introduction to physical polymer science. 1993.
[4] W.-F. Su, “Principles of polymer design and synthesis,” Springer Berlin Heidelb., vol. 82, 2013.
[5] J. S. Z. Oghly, “Physico-chemical properties of polymer composites,” Am. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 25–33, 2023.
[6] P. Christian, Polymer chemistry. 2011.
[7] A. E. E. Zainelabdin, Lighting and Sensing Applications of Nanostructured ZnO , CuO and Their Composites, no. 1484. 2012.
[8] H. Wu, Min: Huang, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of PMMA / PS blend via forming affluent and continuous conductive pathways of graphene layers,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 206, no. December 2020, p. 108668, 2021.
[9] M. Baldanza, Antonio: Giovanna et al., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene – PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier,” Membranes (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 611, 2022.
[10] M. D. H. and A. J. M. J. P. Lutz, “Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications,” Coord. Chem. Rev., vol. 376, pp. 225–247, 2018.
[11] G. Polymers and A. Review, “General polymers, structure, properties and applications: a review,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2024.
[12] S. A. Baeurle, “Multiscale modeling of polymer materials using field-theoretic methodologies:a survey about recent development,” J. Math. Chem., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 363–426, 2009.
[13] S. Itsuno, “Chiral polymer synthesis by means of repeated asymmetric reaction,” Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 540–558, 2005.
[14] D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of polymers. ELSEVIER, 2003.
[15] C. L. Thibaut Lalire, Aurélie Taguet, Jean-Claude Roux, Belkacem Otazaghine, “Chemical modification strategies for the control of graphene localization in PS/PMMA blend,” FlatChem, vol. 39, p. 100500, 2023.
[16] G. M. Moussa, M.A.; Ghoneim, A.M.; Abdel Rehim, M.H.; Khairy, S.A.; Soliman, M.A.; Turky, “Relaxation dynamic and electrical mobility for poly (methyl methacrylate)-polyaniline composites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol. 134, p. 45415, 2017.
[17] H. Abu and A. Shaari, Hassan;Ramli,;Muhammad Mahyiddin;Mohtar, Mohd Nazim;Rahman, Norizah Abdul;Ahmad, “Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi),” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1939, 2021.
[18] A. Rozik Nehad, N.; Aman, I.; Azza, K.; Ward, “Studies the behaviors of polyaniline on the properties of PS/PMMA blends.,” J. Mater. Des. Appl, vol. 230, pp. 526–536, 2016.
[19] P. Kim and Y. Zhang, “Electronic Transport in Graphene,” Ph.D. thesis, Grad. Sch. Arts Sci. Univ. Columbia, 2006.
[20] A. Barth and W. Marx, “Graphene - A rising star in view of scientometrics,” J. Phys. Soc., 2008.
[21] F. Wooten, optical properties of solids. 2002.
[22] Y.-N. Xu and W. Y. Ching, “Calculation of ground-state and optical properties of boron nitrides in the hexagonal, cubic, and wurtzite structures,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, pp. 7787–7798, 1991.
[23] J. Tauc, “Optical Properties of Solids. In: Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors,” Springer, Boston, MA.
[24] M. Asima, N.; Sattar, R.; Siddiq, “Preparation and properties of high performance multilayered PANi/PMMA/PPG-b-PEG-b- PPG/FGHMDA nanocomposites via in situ polymerization,” Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater, vol. 58, pp. 282–294, 2019.
[25] E. J. Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A;Dommett, Geoffrey H B;Kohlhaas, Kevin M;Zimney, R. D. Stach, Eric A;Piner, and R. S. Nguyen, Sonbinh T;Ruoff, “Graphene-based composite materials,” vol. 442, no. July, 2006.
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