Sustainable Fillers and Polymer Modifiers in Dense- and Open-Graded Asphalt Mixtures: A Performance Review

Zainalabidine Nihad; Abdul-Rahim I. Al Hadidy

doi:10.71229/ngef8s38

Authors

Zainalabidine Nihad Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3731-9011
Abdul-Rahim I. Al Hadidy Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71229/ngef8s38

Keywords:

Dense and Open asphalt mixture , Sustainable filler, ABS and PLA Polymers

Abstract

The integration of sustainable materials into asphalt mixtures is crucial for enhancing pavement performance and minimizing environmental impacts. This review compares unmodified and modified dense-graded asphalt mixtures (DGAM) and open-graded asphalt mixtures (OGAM), focusing on traditional calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) versus sustainable alternatives such as sulfur waste (SW) and phosphogypsum (PG). The results show that sustainable fillers improve strength and durability, with SW enhancing deformation resistance and PG adding mechanical stability in dry conditions. However, PG mixtures are moisture-sensitive, and DGAM can have drainage issues. Polymer modifications improve rigidity and resistance to fatigue and rutting but may complicate workability. Overall, the findings support an optimal design approach that considers filler type, polymer content, and mixture gradation. They also highlight the potential of sustainable fillers and polymers in green pavement construction, suggesting that advancing SW and PG as CaCO₃ substitutes and examining the compatibility of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) across varying climates can promote sustainability. A specific research gap remains: PLA and ABS have not been used with PG fillers in asphalt mixtures, particularly in both DGAM and OGAM, underscoring the need to investigate these exact mixtures.

Author Biography

Abdul-Rahim I. Al Hadidy, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

Prof., Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Mosul

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